A economía dos eventos extremos e dos ciberataques
Esta investigación trata de concienciar e documentar os cambios en patróns sobre ciber riscos, e como a xeopolítica xoga un papel importante para compañías públicas e privadas. A súa contribución pasa tamén por promover un diálogo sobre a unificación internacional de políticas internacionais para a ciberseguridade, co fin de conter na maior medida do posible a súa disruptividade en canto ao seu impacto socioeconómico, tendo en conta que as infraestruturas críticas convertéronse no novo obxectivo principal para os atacantes.
💻O evento, organizado pola Real Academia Galega de Ciencias como parte do ciclo de sesións científicas "Os martes da Academia", será retransmitido vía Zoom.
✍🏻Imprescindible inscrición previa, aquí.
CANCELADO JRC B2 Seminar: "Profit shifting frictions and the geography of multinational activity" - Mathieu Parenti
Abstract
We develop a quantitative general equilibrium model of multinational activity embedding corporate taxation and profit shifting. In addition to trade and investment frictions, our model shows that profit-shifting frictions shape the geography of multinational production. Key to our model is the distinction between the corporate tax elasticity of real activity and profit shifting. The quantification of our model requires estimates of shifted profits flows. We provide a new, model-consistent methodology to calibrate bilateral profit-shifting frictions based on accounting identities. We simulate various tax reforms aimed at curbing tax-dodging practices of multinationals and their impact on a range of outcomes, including tax revenues and production. Our results show that the effects of the international relocation of firms across countries are of comparable magnitude as the direct gains in taxable income.
Speaker
Mathieu Parenti is an associate professor at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, a research fellow at the CEPR and a research affiliate at CESifo. His research interests include international trade, trade and corporate tax policy, and market power.
JRC B2 Seminar: “Pennies from Haven: Wages and Profit Shifting” – Johannes Scheuerer
Abstract
The ability of some multinationals to reduce their tax burdens by shifting profits to tax havens has drawn increasing criticism both because of the lost revenues to high-tax countries and the perceived inequality this creates in the tax burden across firms. We demonstrate that such concerns are not the only impacts of profit shifting by using rich matched employer-employee data to show that profit-shifting firms pay higher wages. This is particularly apparent among service firms where the wage premium is approximately 2%. Further, there is substantial within-firm heterogeneity with high-skill occupations earning higher profit-shifting wage premiums. CEOs gain the most, with their wages rising nearly 10%. Finally, our back-of-the envelope calculations indicate that higher wages lead to higher income tax revenues that offset around 12% of the fall in Norway’s corporate tax revenues due to profit shifting. Thus, profit shifting not only impacts government revenues, but contributes meaningfully to aggregate wage inequality.
Speaker
Johannes Scheuerer is a PhD Candidate in the School of Economics at University College Dublin and a Research Affiliate at SKATTEFORSK Centre for Tax Research. His research interests lie in the field of empirical international economics, with a focus on foreign direct investment and international corporate taxation. His current work revolves around the profit shifting activities of multinational firms and their consequences for the wider society.
JRC B2 Seminar: “Spatial microsimulation A promising avenue for EUROMOD research?” – Manos Matsaganis
Abstract
Spatial microsimulation makes possible the evaluation of the fiscal and distributional effects of public policies at local level. Adding spatial detail to microsimulation involves creating microdata that reflect the characteristics of individuals and households in particular regions, cities, or neighbourhoods. Since there are very few sources of geographically disaggregated (at regional, sub-regional and small area level) microdata, there is a need to create appropriate data by combining small area census tabular/aggregate data and national (or at best regional) survey microdata to simulate a synthetic population whose characteristics are as close to the real population as possible. In a nutshell, spatial microsimulation involves the creation of large-scale population micro datasets for the analysis of public policy at the local level. EUROMOD research often addresses questions of local variations of tax and benefit policies, and of the effects of such policies (at any level of decision making) on local communities. The presentation will showcase recent advances in spatial microsimulation, and current efforts to extend EUROMOD research in a spatial direction.
Speaker
Manos Matsaganis is Professor of Public Finance at Polytechnic University of Milan. Prior to this, he worked at the Athens University of Economics and Business (2004-2016), where he founded and directed the Policy Analysis Research Unit. Earlier he had been a lecturer at the University of Crete (1996-1999 and 2001-2004), a special adviser at the Greek Prime Minister’s Office (1997-2001), and a researcher at the London School of Economics (1990-1993). He holds degrees from the Athens University of Economics and Business (BSc 1986), the University of York (MSc 1988), and the University of Bristol (PhD 1992). He has collaborate d with international organizations such as the European Commission, the OECD, UNICEF, and the World Bank. He was a member of the Expert Group on Social Investment for Growth and Cohesion, on the invitation of European Commissioner László Andor (2012-2013). He was Fulbright Scholar at Harvard University (2014) and University of California, Berkeley (2015), Visiting Scholar at Boston University (2017, 2018), and Visiting Professor at University of Vienna (2019). He is currently Head of the Greek & European Economy Observatory at the Hellenic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy ELIAMEP in Athens (since 2021). He sits at the Advisory Board of the diaNEOsis foundation in Athens (since 2016), and at the Scientific Committee of the Feltrinelli Foundation in Milan (since 2022). His current research focuses on the transformations of the European social model after the Eurozone crisis and Covid-19 (Orcid code). His Oxford University Press book (with Anton Hemerijck) “Who’s afraid of the welfare state now?” is due for release in 2023.
JRC B2 Seminar: “Job Location Decisions and the Effect of Children on the Employment Gender Gap” – Adrian Nieto
Abstract
We study the effect of childbirth on local and non-local employment dynamics for both men and women using Belgian social security and geo-location data. Applying an event-study design that accounts for treatment effect heterogeneity, we show that 75 percent of the effect of the birth of a first child on the overall gender gap in employment is accounted for by gender disparities in non-local employment, with mothers being more likely to give up non-local employment compared to fathers. This gender specialisation is mostly driven by opposing job location responses of men and women to individual, household and regional factors. On the one hand, men do not give up non-local employment after childbirth when they are employed in a high-paid job, have a partner who is not participating in the labour market or experience adverse local labour market conditions, suggesting that fathers trade off better employment opportunities with longer commutes. On the other hand, women give up non-local jobs regardless of their earnings level, their partner’s labour market status and local economic conditions, which is consistent with mothers specialising in childcare provision compared to fathers.
Speaker
Adrian Nieto Castro is a researcher at the Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research. Before that he completed his PhD in Economics at the University of Nottingham and his MSc in Economics at LSE. His research interests include labour economics, family economics and economics of gender”.
Conferencia Externa: Pablo Amster - "Matemática para tus oídos: de Pitágoras a Xenakis”
JRC B2 Seminar: "Ensuring a just energy transition: a distributional analysis of diesel tax reform in Spain with stakeholder engagement" - Eva Alonso-Epelde y Manuel Tomás
Abstract
In Spain, the increase of the tax on diesel has sparked passionate debates. Arguments against it stressed its potential adverse effects on the economy and society. In this paper, we shed light on the distributional impact of raising the excise tax on diesel to the same level as on gasoline for final consumers and various compensation schemes jointly designed with several stakeholders. Results confirm that raising the diesel tax without offsets would have slightly regressive effects, with rural and middle-income households being the most affected in relative terms. However, the effects become progressive when the co-designed offsetting schemes are implemented.
Speaker
Eva Alonso-Epelde is a researcher from the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3). Her research is focused in the field of energy transition to a low-carbon economy. She is currently developing her PhD in socioeconomic assessment of climate policies with gender perspective.
Manuel Tomás is a researcher at the Basque Centre for Climate Change and is developing his Ph.D. Thesis in Economics at the University of the Basque Country. Before that, he worked as an Associate Lecturer at the University of Castilla-La Mancha. His research focuses on modelling consumer behaviour using different economic models to assess the macroeconomic, distributional, and environmental effects of energy and climate policies.
